Sweden has since 2008 joined EU battlegroups, provided intelligence to NATO and since 2009 openly moved towards cooperation with NATO. Sweden maintained an official policy of neutrality during wartime and non-participation in military alliances during peacetime, although Sweden secretly relied on U.S. In 2014, Sweden celebrated 200 years of peace, breaking even Switzerland's record for peace. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814 when Norway was militarily forced into a personal union, which peacefully dissolved in 1905. Swedish territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were gradually lost during the 18th and 19th centuries, ending with the annexation of present-day Finland by Russia in 1809. When Sweden became involved in the Thirty Years' War on the Protestant side, an expansion of its territories began and eventually the Swedish Empire was formed, this became one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century. This led to the forming of the Scandinavian Kalmar Union in 1397, which Sweden left in 1523. After the Black Death in the middle of the 14th century killed about a third of the Scandinavian population, the dominance of the Hanseatic League in Northern Europe threatened Scandinavia economically and politically. An independent Swedish state emerged during the early 12th century. Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats (Swedish: Götar) and Swedes ( Svear) and constituting the sea peoples known as the Norsemen. Furthermore, the rain shadow of the Scandes results in quite dry winters and sunny summers in much of the country.
Snow cover is infrequent in the densely populated south, but reliable on higher latitudes.
The usual conditions are mild for the latitudes with a maritime south, continental centre and subarctic north. With the country ranging from 55°N to 69°N, the climate of Sweden is diverse due to the length of the country. It has an extensive coastline and most of the population lives near a major body of water. Many long rivers run from the Scandes range through the landscape, primarily emptying into the northern tributaries of the Baltic Sea. Sweden has a nature dominated by forests and a large amount of lakes, including some of the largest in Europe. Sweden has a total population of 10.5 million, and a low population density of 25.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (66/sq mi), with around 87% of Swedes residing in urban areas in the central and southern half of the country. The capital and largest city is Stockholm. At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the largest Nordic country, the third-largest country in the European Union, and the fifth-largest country in Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge–tunnel across the Öresund. Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country in Scandinavia. eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states.
This is not, however, to be confused with migrants' national backgrounds, which are recorded. As the Swedish government does not base any statistics on ethnicity, there are no exact numbers on the ethnic background of migrants and their descendants in Sweden. ^ Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born, or born in Sweden with foreign born parents.The Swedish Sign Language also has a special status. Five other languages are officially recognised as minority languages: Finnish, Meänkieli, Romani, Sami, and Yiddish. ^ Du gamla, Du fria has never been officially adopted as national anthem, but is so by convention.^ " För Sverige – I tiden" has been adopted by Carl XVI Gustaf as his personal motto.
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